sigaction(2) -- Linux man page

NAME

SYNOPSIS

int sigaction(int signum, const struct sigaction *act, struct sigaction *oldact);

int sigprocmask(int how, const sigset_t *set, sigset_t *oldset);

int sigpending(sigset_t *set);

int sigsuspend(const sigset_t *mask);  

DESCRIPTION

signum specifies the signal and can be any valid signal except SIGKILL and SIGSTOP.

If act is non-null, the new action for signal signum is installed from act. If oldact is non-null, the previous action is saved in oldact.

The sigaction structure is defined as something like

struct sigaction {
    void (*sa_handler)(int);
    void (*sa_sigaction)(int, siginfo_t *, void *);
    sigset_t sa_mask;
    int sa_flags;
    void (*sa_restorer)(void);
}

On some architectures a union is involved - do not assign to both sa_handler and sa_sigaction.

The sa_restorer element is obsolete and should not be used. POSIX does not specify a sa_restorer element.

sa_handler specifies the action to be associated with signum and may be SIG_DFL for the default action, SIG_IGN to ignore this signal, or a pointer to a signal handling function. This function receives the signal number as its only argument.

sa_sigaction also specifies the action to be associated with signum. This function receives the signal number as its first argument, a pointer to a siginfo_t as its second argument and a pointer to a ucontext_t (cast to void *) as its third argument.

sa_mask gives a mask of signals which should be blocked during execution of the signal handler. In addition, the signal which triggered the handler will be blocked, unless the SA_NODEFER or SA_NOMASK flags are used.

sa_flags specifies a set of flags which modify the behaviour of the signal handling process. It is formed by the bitwise OR of zero or more of the following:

SA_NOCLDSTOP

If signum is SIGCHLD, do not receive notification when child processes stop (i.e., when child processes receive one of SIGSTOP, SIGTSTP, SIGTTIN or SIGTTOU).

SA_ONESHOT or SA_RESETHAND

Restore the signal action to the default state once the signal handler has been called.

SA_ONSTACK

Call the signal handler on an alternate signal stack provided by sigaltstack(2). If an alternate stack is not available, the default stack will be used.

SA_RESTART

Provide behaviour compatible with BSD signal semantics by making certain system calls restartable across signals.

SA_NOMASK or SA_NODEFER

Do not prevent the signal from being received from within its own signal handler.

SA_SIGINFO

The signal handler takes 3 arguments, not one. In this case, sa_sigaction should be set instead of sa_handler. (The sa_sigaction field was added in Linux 2.1.86.)

The siginfo_t parameter to sa_sigaction is a struct with the following elements

siginfo_t {
    int      si_signo;  /* Signal number */
    int      si_errno;  /* An errno value */
    int      si_code;   /* Signal code */
    pid_t    si_pid;    /* Sending process ID */
    uid_t    si_uid;    /* Real user ID of sending process */
    int      si_status; /* Exit value or signal */
    clock_t  si_utime;  /* User time consumed */
    clock_t  si_stime;  /* System time consumed */
    sigval_t si_value;  /* Signal value */
    int      si_int;    /* POSIX.1b signal */
    void *   si_ptr;    /* POSIX.1b signal */
    void *   si_addr;   /* Memory location which caused fault */
    int      si_band;   /* Band event */
    int      si_fd;     /* File descriptor */
}

si_signo, si_errno and si_code are defined for all signals. The rest of the struct may be a union, so that one should only read the fields that are meaningful for the given signal. kill(2), POSIX.1b signals and SIGCHLD fill in si_pid and si_uid. SIGCHLDalsofillsin si_status, si_utime and si_stime. si_int and si_ptr are specified by the sender of the POSIX.1b signal. SIGILL, SIGFPE, SIGSEGV and SIGBUS fill in si_addr with the address of the fault. SIGPOLL fills in si_band and si_fd.

si_code indicates why this signal was sent. It is a value, not a bitmask. The values which are possible for any signal are listed in this table:

si_code
Value	Signal origin
SI_USER	kill, sigsend or raise
SI_KERNEL	The kernel
SI_QUEUE	sigqueue
SI_TIMER	timer expired
SI_MESGQ	mesq state changed
SI_ASYNCIO	AIO completed
SI_SIGIO	queued SIGIO

SIGILL
ILL_ILLOPC	illegal opcode
ILL_ILLOPN	illegal operand
ILL_ILLADR	illegal addressing mode
ILL_ILLTRP	illegal trap
ILL_PRVOPC	privileged opcode
ILL_PRVREG	privileged register
ILL_COPROC	coprocessor error
ILL_BADSTK	internal stack error

SIGFPE
FPE_INTDIV	integer divide by zero
FPE_INTOVF	integer overflow
FPE_FLTDIV	floating point divide by zero
FPE_FLTOVF	floating point overflow
FPE_FLTUND	floating point underflow
FPE_FLTRES	floating point inexact result
FPE_FLTINV	floating point invalid operation
FPE_FLTSUB	subscript out of range

SIGSEGV
SEGV_MAPERR	address not mapped to object
SEGV_ACCERR	invalid permissions for mapped object

SIGBUS
BUS_ADRALN	invalid address alignment
BUS_ADRERR	non-existent physical address
BUS_OBJERR	object specific hardware error

SIGTRAP
TRAP_BRKPT	process breakpoint
TRAP_TRACE	process trace trap

SIGCHLD
CLD_EXITED	child has exited
CLD_KILLED	child was killed
CLD_DUMPED	child terminated abnormally
CLD_TRAPPED	traced child has trapped
CLD_STOPPED	child has stopped
CLD_CONTINUED	stopped child has continued

SIGPOLL
POLL_IN	data input available
POLL_OUT	output buffers available
POLL_MSG	input message available
POLL_ERR	i/o error
POLL_PRI	high priority input available
POLL_HUP	device disconnected

The sigprocmask call is used to change the list of currently blocked signals. The behaviour of the call is dependent on the value of how, as follows.

SIG_BLOCK

The set of blocked signals is the union of the current set and the set argument.

SIG_UNBLOCK

The signals in set are removed from the current set of blocked signals. It is legal to attempt to unblock a signal which is not blocked.

SIG_SETMASK

The set of blocked signals is set to the argument set.

If oldset is non-null, the previous value of the signal mask is stored in oldset.

The sigpending call allows the examination of pending signals (ones which have been raised while blocked). The signal mask of pending signals is stored in set.

The sigsuspend call temporarily replaces the signal mask for the process with that given by mask and then suspends the process until a signal is received.

RETURN VALUE

ERRORS

EINVAL

An invalid signal was specified. This will also be generated if an attempt is made to change the action for SIGKILL or SIGSTOP, which cannot be caught.

EFAULT

act, oldact, set, oldset or mask point to memory which is not a valid part of the process address space.

EINTR

System call was interrupted.

NOTES

According to POSIX, the behaviour of a process is undefined after it ignores a SIGFPE, SIGILL, or SIGSEGV signal that was not generated by the kill() or the raise() functions. Integer division by zero has undefined result. On some architectures it will generate a SIGFPE signal. (Also dividing the most negative integer by -1 may generate SIGFPE.) Ignoring this signal might lead to an endless loop.

POSIX (B.3.3.1.3) disallows setting the action for SIGCHLD to SIG_IGN. The BSD and SYSV behaviours differ, causing BSD software that sets the action for SIGCHLD to SIG_IGN to fail on Linux.

The POSIX spec only defines SA_NOCLDSTOP. Use of other sa_flags is non-portable.

The SA_RESETHAND flag is compatible with the SVr4 flag of the same name.

The SA_NODEFER flag is compatible with the SVr4 flag of the same name under kernels 1.3.9 and newer. On older kernels the Linux implementation allowed the receipt of any signal, not just the one we are installing (effectively overriding any sa_mask settings).

The SA_RESETHAND and SA_NODEFER names for SVr4 compatibility are present only in library versions 3.0.9 and greater.

The SA_SIGINFO flag is specified by POSIX.1b. Support for it was added in Linux 2.2.

sigaction can be called with a null second argument to query the current signal handler. It can also be used to check whether a given signal is valid for the current machine by calling it with null second and third arguments.

See sigsetops(3) for details on manipulating signal sets.  

CONFORMING TO

UNDOCUMENTED

SEE ALSO